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7.10 Aspects of general relativity
7.10.1 Introduction to general relativity
(1) Principle of General Relativity: All laws in physics take the same forms in any coordinate system.
(2) Principle of Equivalence: There exists a coordinate system in which the effect of a gravitational field vanishes locally.(An observer in a freely falling lift does not feel gravity until it crashes.)
In Newton's theory, the gravitational potential
\Phi
satifies the Poisson equation\Delta\Phi=4\pi{G}\rho
Einstein equation
G_{\mu\nu}=8\pi{G}T_{\mu\nu}\rho
7.10.2 Einstein-Hillbert action
在命题7.2(c)的证明中,我们注意到,
\Gamma\equiv 0
,因此,我们有,\nabla=\partial+\Gamma
。298页的公式203-205,对于后面用变分原理从Einstein-Hillbert作用量推出爱因斯坦方程是非常重要的。
7.11 Bosonic string theory
没有什么技术性的问题,在Bosonic string theory这一节中,我们注意到 rescaling invariance 总是允许我们在2D的情况下,在世界面上总是可以选择一个标准度规(共形平坦),即
g_{\alpha\beta}=e^{2\sigma(\tau,\sigma)}\eta_{\alpha\beta}
这里,
\eta_{\alpha\beta}=
\left(
\begin{array}{cc}
-1 & 0 \\
0 & 1 \\
\end{array}
\right)
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